1. Plants are multicullar, and autotrophic meaning photosynthic, starch stores food, have cell wall
2.  
3. Alternate Generation: sexual reproduction, plants have 2 reproduction methods
   1. Stage 1: Gamatrphyte = egg and sperm
   2. Stage 2: Sporophyte = spores
      1. Size, structure, life span determines generation method

P. Bryophyta

1. 
   Moss pg 162 fig 13.2
   1. First successful plant on land
2. No vascular structure
   1. Therefore no xylem or phloem
3.  
4. Rely on diffusion for nutrients
5.  
6. Water is vehicle for reproduction
   1. Dominate Generation is gametophyte
      1. Male gametophyte is called
         Antherida
      2. Female gametophyte is called
         Archegonia

P. Pterophyta

1. 
   Ferns
2. Have a vascular structure
   1. Have xylem and phloem (structures are straw like)
      1. -brings water and nutrients
3.  
4. They have: Stems, roots, and leaves
5.  
6. Use water for reproduction
7. Example:
   Prothallium – heart shaped, contains both egg and sperm
   1.      Dominate Generation is sporophyte = in the form of sori;
      spores thatlook like
      dots under the leaves

P. Coniferophyta

1. Seed bearing cone plants
   1. 
      Gymnosperms= unprotected seeds like in a pine cone
   2. Example: conifers, evergreens
2.  
3. Males produce pollen, use wind to reproduce, female holds the seed
4.  
5. Dominate Generation is sporophyte
   1. There are two types of cones
      1. Male is called
         Staminate aka
         microsprangia
      2. Female is called
         Ovutate aka
         megasporangia

P. Anthopyta

1. Seed producing
   flower and most succeful phylem
   1.  
2. 
   Angiosperms = protected seeds like seeds in fruit
3.  
4. Reproduces through pollination
   1. Use insects, birds, animals to spread pollen
5.  
6. Dominate Generation is sporophyte